A rover got a new view of some peculiar extraterrestrial clouds,Lee Do flecked in rainbow colors and moving across the Martian sky.
Curiosity, a set of NASA's robotic "eyes" on the Red Planet, recorded 16 minutes of so-called noctilucent cloudsflying overhead on Jan. 17. These clouds, sometimes referred to as twilight clouds because they're too faint to see in daylight, appear iridescent by scattering light from the setting sun.
Scientists have released a video of the clouds, below in an X post, sped up about 480 times and repeated four times. Amid the flowing clouds are red and green hues.
Though these high fliersalso can be observed at the edge of spaceabove Earth, there are distinct differences between Mars' mother-of-pearl clouds and those of our home planet: Mars' are made of dry ice — a type of cloud that doesn't exist in Earth's atmosphere — while Earth's are composed of water ice. Mars simply doesn't have enough water vapor at the highest altitudes necessary for those clouds to form and reflect sunlight after sundown, said Mark Lemmon, an atmospheric scientist with the Space Science Institute in Colorado.
"I think Earth has pretty noctilucent clouds more often, if you live in the right place," he told Mashable. "The best from each planet is pretty spectacular."
SEE ALSO: Astronaut snaps strange iridescent clouds at the edge of spaceThis Tweet is currently unavailable. It might be loading or has been removed.
In the video, noctilucent clouds can be seen drifting near the top of the frame, at an altitude between 37 and 50 miles. These views were captured with Curiosity's left Mastcam as the rover continues a journey toward the boxwork regionbelow Mount Sharp.
Though the images may look like they're being recorded from the perspective of space, as if gazing at a curved right side of the Red Planet, this is, in fact, a skyward view from the Martian ground. Three corners of the images are missing — giving a similar appearance as the hemisphere of a planet — because the rover's camera happens to have a stuck color filter wheel.
At least as far back as the 19th century, astronomers have gazed up at Earth's sky and wondered about this kind of cloud, the highest in the atmosphere. Rain clouds tend to form no more than 10 miles up, but the noctilucent clouds, composed of water-ice, hover some 50 miles above the planet's surface in a layer of the atmosphere known as the mesosphere.
They were still largely a mystery to scientists until about 20 years ago, when NASA's Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesospheremission studied them. Researchers learned that the clouds form when ice crystals condense on meteor smoke — tiny particles from shooting starsthat burn up in the atmosphere. Perhaps even more surprising was that the ice within the mesosphere formed a single continuous layer.
At summertime, these iridescent clouds shimmer at dusk and dawn near Earth's North and South Poles. Astronaut Matthew Dominick shared a spectacular photo he took on the Fourth of July from the International Space Station.
"We have had so many great sunrises lately with amazing noctilucent clouds," Dominick said on Xin July 2024. "Probably taken a 1,000 images or so in the past week of them."
Iridescent clouds were first seen on Mars by NASA’s Pathfinder missionin 1997. Curiosity didn’t observe them until two decades later in 2019. Though this is the fourth such year the rover has spotted them in the early fall, a looming question is why these mother-of-pearl carbon dioxide clouds haven't been spotted elsewhere on the Red Planet. NASA’s Perseverancerover, located in the northern hemisphere’s Jezero Crater, hasn’t seen any.
Scientists think certain Martian regions might be more inclined to form them. One possibility is that gravity waves, which can cool the air, might be causing carbon dioxide to condense into ice in the southern latitudes.
Lemmon led a paper on Curiosity’s first two seasons of twilight cloud observations. The studywas published late last year in Geophysical Research Letters. He recalls that the first time he ever saw them, he actually thought it was a mistake — some kind of color artifact appearing in the images. Now scientists can predict and plan for them.
"Their beauty surprises me every time I see a new example," he said.
Topics NASA
Previous:News From Nowhere Episode 11
Conor McGregor gets slammed for Instagram post about PutinWordle answers Feb. 28Chrissy Teigen's dad had the most dadMeghan Markle and Kate Middleton hung out at WimbledonIndependent Spirit Awards 2022: The full winners listDonald Trump Dalek is proof that Londoners sure know how to protestHere's the mugshot for Donald Trump's former campaign chairmanSubstack creators are leaving the platform over misinformation and hate speechASCII bunnies are back for all your hot takesApple Event 2022: Green iPhone 13, purple iPad Air announcedMeghan Markle and Kate Middleton hung out at WimbledonNew Peptoc hotline provides encouragement from elementary school studentsCompare the new iPhone SE with the 2020 versionSubstack launches iOS appLimeWire is coming back as an NFT marketplaceJaguar escaped from the zoo and killed a bunch of animals and now I'm sad!Google Pixel users can now use live captions during callsTrump gets rude welcome in UK thanks to giant crop circleCreative kid finds adorable loophole in her mom's no fake nails ruleWhile Trump embarrassed himself in the UK, Obama released his summer reading list From 'Sister Act' to 'Hook,' Carrie Fisher helped improve a bunch of movies Simone Biles is too busy shining to worry about body 7 things to expect in esports in 2017 Multiple cities hold light saber vigils in honour of Carrie Fisher Cowboys fan gets revenge after fiancé dumps her via text Lyft's head of marketing on what to expect in 2017 Princess no more: How some fans prefer to remember Carrie Fisher Amazon filed patent for 'unmanned aerial vehicles' for delivery drones Marine father gives his daughter a pride flag for Christmas, along with a beautiful surprise One festive family member turned grandpa's vices into a fun party game Send kisses to a loved one via iPhone with this 'kiss messenger' India is anxious as PM Modi prepares to address nation on New Year's Eve What a world without Carrie Fisher means for the Star Wars universe 10 movies we can't wait to see in 2017 Posting pictures of your kids on Facebook? Think twice. Paul Ryan wants to fine people who livestream from the House floor Indian Twitter is obsessing over a federal banker for all the right and wrong reasons Mindy Kaling finally watched 'Game of Thrones' and has so many thoughts about it George Lucas praises 'powerful princess' Carrie Fisher Giant Trump